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  1. Home
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  3. January
  4. 1
  5. Montreal Protocol

Events on January 1 in history

Montreal Protocol
1989Jan, 1

The Montreal Protocol comes into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to ozone depletion.

The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was agreed on 16 September 1987, and entered into force on 1 January 1989. Since then, it has undergone nine revisions, in 1990 (London), 1991 (Nairobi), 1992 (Copenhagen), 1993 (Bangkok), 1995 (Vienna), 1997 (Montreal), 1998 (Australia), 1999 (Beijing) and 2016 (Kigali) As a result of the international agreement, the ozone hole in Antarctica is slowly recovering. Climate projections indicate that the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels between 2050 and 2070. Due to its widespread adoption and implementation it has been hailed as an example of successful international co-operation, with Kofi Annan quoted as saying that "perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date has been the Montreal Protocol". In comparison, effective burden sharing and solution proposals mitigating regional conflicts of interest have been among the success factors for the ozone depletion challenge, where global regulation based on the Kyoto Protocol has failed to do so. In this case of the ozone depletion challenge, there was global regulation already being installed before a scientific consensus was established. Also, overall public opinion was convinced of possible imminent risks.The two ozone treaties have been ratified by 197 parties (196 states and the European Union), making them the first universally ratified treaties in United Nations history.These truly universal treaties have also been remarkable in the expedience of the policy-making process at the global scale, where only 14 years lapsed between a basic scientific research discovery (1973) and the international agreement signed (1985 and 1987).

References

  • Montreal Protocol
  • Ozone depletion

Choose Another Date

Events on 1989

  • 15Apr

    Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

    Upon Hu Yaobang's death, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 begin in China.
  • 26Apr

    Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

    People's Daily publishes the April 26 Editorial which inflames the nascent Tiananmen Square protests
  • 27Apr

    Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

    The April 27 demonstrations, student-led protests responding to the April 26 Editorial, during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
  • 20May

    Tiananmen Square massacre

    The Chinese authorities declare martial law in the face of pro-democracy demonstrations, setting the scene for the Tiananmen Square massacre.
  • 5Jun

    Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

    The Tank Man halts the progress of a column of advancing tanks for over half an hour after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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