The Legislative Yuan is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of China (Taiwan) located in Taipei. Until the constitutional amendments of 1991, the Legislative Yuan, along with the National Assembly (electoral college) and the Control Yuan (upper house) formed the tricameral parliament under the original 1947 Constitution.

Originally located in Nanking, the Legislative Yuan is composed of 113 legislators, which are directly elected by people of the Free Area through a parallel voting system for 4-year terms (previously, the Legislative Yuan had 759 members representing each province, municipalities, Tibet, Outer Mongolia and other professions). Like parliaments or congresses of other countries, the Legislative Yuan is responsible for the passage of legislation, which is then sent to the President for signing. For these similarities, it is also common for people to refer to the Legislative Yuan as "the parliament" (國會; Guóhuì; Kok-hōe).

Under the current amended Constitution and in accordance with the separation of powers, the Legislative Yuan, as the only parliamentary body, also holds the power to initiate several constitutional processes, including initiating constitutional amendments (then determined by a national referendum), recalls of the President (then determined by a recall vote), and impeachments of the President (then judged by the Constitutional Court).